Cand.ling.merc. - Erhvervssprog & International Erhvervskommunikation / MA in International Business Communication
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Friberg, Louisa Dahlin (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Nærværende speciale har til formål at lave en komparativ analyse af to store indvandrergrupper i Californien, mexicanere og kinesere, baseret på empirisk data fra det amerikanske folketællingskontor Census Bureau. Baggrunden for dette er en forudindtagelse af, at begge grupper har samme forudsætninger for god integration og social mobilitet, men statistikker viser, at dette ikke er tilfældet. For at forstå baggrunden for dette, vil specialet undersøge hvilke socioøkonomiske parametre, der har indvirkning på social mobilitet, samt klarlægge udviklingen af de historiske forhold, der har ændret de respektive gruppers forudsætninger for immigration. Analysen viser, at selvom de to grupper i forhold til immigrationshistorie deler samme karakteristika, adskiller grupperne sig markant fra hverandre i forhold til social mobilitet, dette i sær på uddannelsesniveauet er der markant forskel på de to grupper. Social mobilitet bliver sværere og sværere at opnå i det amerikanske samfund, med mindre dette sker gennem højere uddannelsesniveau, og det er derfor ikke overraskende, at uddannelsesniveau bliver brugt som et værktøj til videre integration og til social mobilitet. Som forudset udmærker kineserne sig exceptionelt i forhold til mexicanere (og andre indvandrergrupper) på dette punkt. Analysen viser samtidig, at uddannelse danner rammerne for den videre integration, forstået derved, at højere uddannelsesniveau ofte er forbundet med en bedre økonomisk situation og råderum. Analysen afslører også sammenhæng mellem uddannelse og antallet af børn, og at mexicanere generelt får flere børn end kinesere og derfor har lavere uddannelsesniveau og indkomst. Mexicanere er derfor langt mere disponeret for fattigdom end kinesere i USA. Specialets undersøgelser viser dog også overraskende, at parametre -som ikke umiddelbart er iøjenfaldende f.eks. alder og køn, spiller en stor rolle for integrationsprocessen og for udviklingen i social mobilitet for de respektive grupper, og at vilkårene for de respektive grupper synes at vende til fordel for mexicanerne. Således indikerer data for de sidste ti år et skift i immigrationsmønsteret, hvor langt flere mexicanske kvinder emigrerer, og flere amerikansk-fødte mexicanere tager højere uddannelser. Alt i alt en positiv udvikling i forhold til social mobilitet, men også en udvikling hvor det fulde udkom og potentiale endnu ikke kendes. For kinesere derimod viser analysen en ændring i, hvem der emigrerer til USA. Hvor det førhen primært var kinesere med høj(ere) socioøkonomisk status ses nu i stigende grad kinesiske immigranter med meget lave socioøkonomiske forhold. Udover det ser vi en negativ udvikling mellem 2. og 3. generation, hvilket indikerer, at forholdene måske er ved at udjævnes mellem kineserne og mexicanerne. I forhold til den klassiske assimilisationsteori kan dette være en indikation af at begge grupper i større grad er ved at blive integreret i det amerikanske samfund. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10417/3042 Files in this item: 1
louisa_dahlin_friberg.pdf (1.092Mb) -
Zych, Adelina Anna (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Collective memory in Poland In the turmoil after the plane crash of 10 April 2010 that killed president Lech Kaczyński and a number of Polish high rank state officials, it became evident that the Polish society was split in regard to the interpretation of the surrounding world and the future. A combi-nation of this split and the dominating role of history in Polish political discourse provided me with a stimulus to analyse Polish collective memory, its evolution throughout the communist period and after the reintroduction of democracy, as well as the existing legacy of conflict between two major politicians of the interwar Poland: Józef Piłsudski and Ro-man Dmowski. The aim of the thesis is to investigate what contemporary Polish collective memory is comprised of, and whether there exist one or multiple collective memories sim-ultaneously. Collective memory is understood in this thesis in the view of the theories of M. Halbwachs, J. Assmann, P. Connerton, and P. Nora. Empirical data in the form of results of sociological surveys are based on the most recent works of two sociologists – B. Szacka and P. T. Kwiatkowski. Works of N. Davies served as the basis for description of the his-torical background. Two specialists in Polish collective memory have been interviewed for the purpose of this thesis: B. Törnquist-Plewa from the University of Lund and B. Szacka, Polish professor in sociology. As the Polish nation has undergone a substantial change in its ethnic structure in the course of the 20th century, some ethnic groups, especially Jews, Lithuanians and Germans, who previously had an impact on Polish national memory, are no longer a part of the Polish nation. As a consequence, the Polish nation is to a major extent ethnically homogenous. Polish collective memory has been formed as a result of influence of various factors: pri-mary socialisation within the family on one hand, and external factors, such as school edu-cation, tv, political discourse, institutions and the Catholic church on the other hand. Polish collective memory can be divided into two categories: events that have existed in the memory for a sufficiently long time and thus there is a consensus in the nation in re-gard to their evaluation, and more recent events, the evaluation of which is still highly controversial. The former can be further categorised as myths and universal elements of the Polish memory Myths are described as past events that have functioned in national memory for a long time, whose details have been gradually forgotten. As a result, their memory has been highly distorted. Polish myths include the memory of Poland’s greatness, the myth of the “golden freedom” and the notion of Poland as “antemurale christanitatis”. The past events whose evaluation is no longer controversial include the period of partitions (1795-1918) and World War II. The recent events still causing controversy within the Polish society are related to the pe-riod of communism. The communist regime sought to legitimate through its policy of col-lective memory. As the official discourse provided a different version of the past that the one provided by the family memory, the national memory has split into two kinds: official and vernacular. The policy of collective memory realised by the opposition contributed to the increasingly negative evaluation of the communist period, which has continued to this day, especially among the well-educated and wealthy. In the political discourse, the cult of J. Piłsudski, a pre-war socialist and federalist, can be observed. However, his ideology has been replaced with that of his political opponent, R. Dmowski. Dmowski’s legacy is particularly noticeable in the discourse of the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS). Collective memory is linked with collective forgetting. The events that have been forgotten by the Polish nation include the Polish participation during Holocaust. Recent works on the subject by J. T. Gross have contributed to a public debate and opened a possibility of future inclusion of this issue in Polish memory. The conclusion of the thesis is that there exists only one Polish national memory, providing a picture of Poland as a once-great and free country that has been a victim of its neigh-bours’ aggression and the motherland of great patriotic soldiers. Recent history contributes to a division that exists to a far lesser extent within the society than among the political elites, primarily between the extreme right wing, which is using the past to obtain political objectives, and the liberals, who avoid using history in their political programme. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10417/3043 Files in this item: 3
adelina_anna_zych.pdf (1.214Mb)Szacka.WMA (22.82Mb)Tornquist Plewa.WMA (19.29Mb) -
En analyse af it-branchen på de sociale medierWolff Sørensen, Gitte (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: When the IT industry goes social – or just keeps to the idea The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine how the rise of a new media landscape, namely social media, affects, challenges and contributes to corporate branding in business-to-business companies, including identifying barriers in relation to the application of social media. It is undoubtedly an unexplored field of research, which deserves a greater amount of attention than it has received up to the present moment. Accordingly, the theory in this master’s thesis explains and discusses the role of social media in the context of the network society and in brand management disciplines by researching the literature thoroughly with a broad collection of both practitioners and theorists. The purpose of this examination is to contribute to the understanding and identification of the challenges social media put upon today’s companies. During the process of the explanation of the new media paradigm, some key themes were discovered and demanded further investigation. Seemingly, most organizations struggle to build a brand with a distinctive social identity in spite of the fact that, in reality, social media has a lot of associations with traditional ways of doing business in business to business companies. Some of the most significant terms and the very foundation of social media are networking and relations, which have always been the core in business to business companies. Being social online means being connected and engaged to target audiences on different types of social platforms, which of course necessitates keeping an ear closer to the ground. The key to social media is providing value through dialogue and monitoring what people are saying about the company’s brand, which really doesn’t seem that complicated, because social media provides the tools for exactly that purpose. However, it still seems that many companies lack the ability of achieving effectiveness. The foundation of the analysis is therefore based on discovering which aspects of social media can be identified as main barriers of business to business companies’ current management. The reason why this calls for further examination is for the sheer purpose that it is no longer an open question whether brand sociability matters – the question is how well companies manage the new media landscape. Obviously, there will always be a difference in needs depending on the type of business, but social media is, without a doubt, going to be part of both the present and future whether we like it or not. Based on the theoretical part and three interviews with social media experts, the analysis consists of a questionnaire survey completed by 185 business to business companies limited to the Danish IT industry due to the limitation of this thesis. The questionnaire contains aspects of the application of social media, organizational management and viewpoints which assumedly can influence how well companies manage social media and the ability to succeed. To analyze the IT industry, the thesis consists of three different types of analysis. First of all, a frequency analysis that creates an overall image of how the companies manage and apply social media as well as how the companies view social media and how the cultures are composed. Furthermore, there is both a factor and regression analysis which combined have the purpose to generate variables that influence the application of social media. Main results in the analysis The frequency analysis demonstrated that the companies lack a clear understanding of how to use social media for other purposes than one way communication, including dialogue and listening, through different types of social media tools. In relation to the ability of strategic planning, the companies don’t seem to put a lot of emphasis on aspects such as analysis or objectives, which clearly will influence the capacity to measure the business value of social media. Regarding the viewpoints of social media, a lot of the companies embrace the idea of intensifying the usage of social media. They view social media as a tool that potentially can increase business value and competitiveness. However, more than half of the respondents don’t find education necessary, which is problematic. Based on the results, there is a clear indication of the absence of same. On the subject of the composition of cultures, the analysis indicates adaptability to implement social media founded on democratic cultures, where employees are willing to share knowledge and are trusted to take responsibility. Here the factor and regression analysis demonstrated the importance of the understanding of setting objectives as well as showing managerial endorsement and support. Equally important aspects of the application of social media were found to be corporate visions of social media. These aspects can potentially constitute barriers of the application of social media if not fulfilled. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10417/3044 Files in this item: 1
gitte_wolff_soerensen.pdf (2.378Mb) -
Gyldenkærne, Pil Birkeland (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: El desafío que representan los venezolanismos en la traducción Los estudios de traducción tanto en Dinamarca, como en el resto de Europa, se basan en el español de España. Sin embargo, la extensión de la lengua castellana en los continentes americanos implican, no sólo una serie de variantes dialectales compuestas por las estructuras gramaticales utilizadas en los distintos países latinoamericanos, sino también una riqueza lexicográfica casi infinita. El pueblo venezolano, en concreto es el producto del mestizaje entre la población originaria, el pueblo español conquistador y los esclavos africanos importados durante la colonización. El resultado es un pueblo híbrido, cuya compleja etnia se ve reflejada en el habla del país. En muchos casos, los venezolanismos no excluyen a los términos generales, sino que conviven en la misma habla. Una traducción al castellano siempre implica tomar en consideración la variante dialectal del destinatario. Para un traductor sin conocimientos previos del español venezolano, será más fácil elaborar una traducción con términos del castellano general, sin embargo las consecuencias de la exclusión de los venezolanismos pueden ser desde el punto de vista de la comprensión del texto, insospechadas. De ahí que en este estudio se pretenda definir el uso que los venezolanos hacen de cinco venezolanismos seleccionados y sus respectivos sinónimos, delimitando al mismo tiempo su registro sociolingüístico, esencial en la toma de decisiones del traductor. Los venezolanismos predominan en las áreas temáticas de la toponimia, la zoología y la botánica, y los términos sujetos a este análisis son denominaciones de hortalizas de uso frecuente. El método aplicado consiste en el análisis comparativo de los venezolanismos: auyama, cambur, caraota, lechosa/lechoza y parchita; con sus correspondientes sinónimos en castellano general: calabaza, banana/banano, plátano, frijol, judía, papaya, maracuyá y fruta de la pasión/pasionaria; en diversos diarios electrónicos venezolanos, a saber: MinCI, Últimas Noticias, El Nacional, el Universal, y en un conjunto de artículos científicos de investigadores venezolanos. Para apoyar las conclusiones que surjan del análisis, se ha encuestado a un grupo de venezolanos sobre el uso que hacen de los términos en cuestión. Los resultados del análisis han revelado un patrón claro con respecto al contexto referido en cada término. En artículos sobre noticias locales o nacionales, una referencia literal a la hortaliza, casi siempre implica el uso del venezolanismo. Por otro lado, los sinónimos en castellano general son bastante más frecuentes en artículos sobre noticias internacionales. Aparte del uso literal de los términos, se ha tomado en consideración el sentido figurado que tiene cada voz en la variante venezolana, ya que éste está incluido en el concepto general del término Los resultados de la encuesta confirman la preferencia de los venezolanos por los venezolanismos siempre y cuando no haya interferencia lingüística. Son conscientes de la sinonimia y del ámbito geográfico al que pertenece cada palabra, aunque desconozcan su etimología, y sustituyan los venezolanismos por términos generales en caso de confusión. Lo más llamativo en los resultados de la investigación es la discordancia entre la terminología normativa venezolana y la percepción que los venezolanos tienen de la misma. Existe entre ellos una tendencia pronunciada a incluir los venezolanismos dentro de un registro menos formal, suposición que queda plenamente invalidada por el análisis de textos académicos, donde los investigadores venezolanos utilizan los venezolanismos con igual frecuencia, en un registro mucho más culto. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10417/3038 Files in this item: 1
pil_birkeland_gyldenkærne.pdf (2.193Mb) -
A thesis on subtitling within the medical genreLindberg, Jonas Laustsen (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Undertekstning – Den begrænsede oversættelsespraksis Indledning Det er mit indtryk, at mange mennesker har en forholdsvis negativ indstilling til undertekster og en forestilling om, at de generelt er af dårlig kvalitet. Dette indtryk gjorde, at jeg fik lyst til at undersøge, om det virkelig var tilfældet og i så fald hvorfor. Udover at jeg mener, undertekstning er en spændende branche, er jeg meget interesseret i medicinsk oversættelse og derfor har jeg valgt at undersøge undertekstning inden for den medicinske genre. For at gøre denne kandidatafhandling mere specifik valgte jeg at undersøge eventuelle problemområder, der eksisterer i forbindelse med undertekstning af Tv-serien House M.D., hvordan disse bliver løst og om det kan gøres anderledes. Endvidere har jeg forsøgt at klarlægge hvordan undertekstning i det hele taget foregår, om der er eksisterende strategier eller retningslinjer for undertekstning og hvilke begrænsninger underteksteren lider under. Til sidst har jeg forsøgt at finde frem til, om der er nogen normer eller tendenser i undertekstningen inden for denne genre og om det er muligt at opstille et sæt retningslinjer for undertekstning inden for genren. Metode & Diskussion Til klarlæggelsen af undertekstningssituationen, teorier, strategier og begrænsningerne valgte jeg at læse værker af nogle af de fremtrædende forskere og eksperter indenfor branchen. Af den fundne teori udvalgte jeg det, jeg mente, var relevant for at give en uddybende redegørelse for de førnævnte aspekter. For at undersøge hvilke problemområder der eksisterer i forbindelse med undertekstningen af den nævnte Tv-serie, hvilke normer og tendenser der eksisterer og om det var muligt at opstille et sæt retningslinjer, valgte jeg to fremgangsmåder til indsamling af empiri. Den første fremgangsmåde var at transskribere et afsnit af House M.D. komplet med ind og ud tid, visningstid, antal karakterer i undertekst og dialog, karakterer per sekund samt eventuelle kommentarer til den enkelte undertekst. Ud fra dette kunne jeg finde frem til brugen af de relevante aspekter fra det førnævnte teoretiske materiale og dermed klarlægge hvilke problemområder, normer og tendenser der var. Den anden fremgangsmåde, jeg benyttede mig af, var at gennemse en række afsnit og notere oversættelsen af de medicinske termer fra dialogen. På denne måde kunne jeg påvise, om oversættelsen af disse termer var hensigtsmæssig eller ikke, hvilket jeg mente, var et af problemområderne, der fortjente særligt fokus. Jeg valgte endvidere at interviewe personen, der har lavet underteksterne til det omtalte analysemateriale, hvilket gav mig et godt indblik i nogle af de valg, hun havde foretaget i forbindelse med undertekstningen. Til sidst valgte jeg at lave et fokusgruppeinterview for at finde frem til seernes mening om de valgte undertekster. Dette interview gik ud på, at deltagerne fra fokusgruppen så et afsnit af House M.D. og besvarede en række spørgsmål vedrørende underteksterne. Konklusion Ved hjælp af den førnævnte metode fandt jeg frem til, at begrænsningerne ved undertekstningssituationen er, at mennesker opfatter tale hurtigere, end de er i stand til at læse tekst. Det betyder, at dialogen i et givent tv-program eller film skal reduceres kraftigt for, at seeren skal kunne nå at læse understeksterne. Jeg fandt frem til, at denne reduktion blev brugt omfattende i analysematerialet og at der var tidspunkter, hvor det kunne gøres anderledes. Endvidere er der begrænsninger på, hvor lang tid en given undertekst skal vises på skærmen, for at seeren kan nå at læse den. Dette aspekt bliver beregnet ved hjælp af den såkaldte seks sekunders regel og denne blev hensigtsmæssigt overholdt på nogle tidspunkter i analysematerialet og på andre tidspunkter ikke. Analysen af oversættelsen af de medicinske termer viste, at der var en tendens til at oversætte visse almindelige termer på engelsk til ekspert termer på dansk, hvilket efter min mening ikke er hensigtsmæssigt. Herudover antydede analysen, at undertekstningsmetoden ”pivot translation” blev benyttet til oversættelsen af analysematerialet, hvilket blev bekræftet af interviewet med underteksteren. I forbindelse med det har jeg givet begrundelser for, hvorfor dette ikke er en optimal metode. Alle disse observationer er blevet sammenfattet til sidst og ud fra mine konklusioner har jeg opstillet et sæt retningslinjer for undertekstning inden for den medicinske genre. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10417/2934 Files in this item: 1
jonas_laustsen_lindberg.pdf (403.3Kb)
